Optics and Spectroscopy - 7BPH3C1 Syllabus

II YEAR – III SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 7BPH3C1

CORE COURSE VI – OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY

Unit I              GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

Lens – Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s eyepieces.  Dispersion – Angular and Chromatic dispersion – combination of prisms to produce i)dispersion without deviation ii) deviation without dispersion – Cauchy’s dispersion formula– Direct vision spectroscope – Theory of formation of rainbow.

Unit II             INTERFERENCE

Conditions for interference – colours of thin films – Air wedge – theory – determination of diameter of a thin wire by Air wedge – test for optical flatness – Newton’s rings – Determination of refractive index of a liquid.  Michelson’s Interferometer – theory and its Application (Measurement of wavelength and difference between wavelength of two close lines, thickness of mica sheet) – Jamin’s interferometers – determination of refractive index of gases

Unit III           DIFFRACTION

Fresnel’s  diffraction –Rectilinear propagation of light – zone plate –diffraction at circular aperture – opaque circular disc – Fraunhofer  diffraction at single slit – Double slit – Plane diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine wavelength – overlapping of spectral lines. Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution – resolving power – resolving power of grating – resolving power of a prism.

Unit IV           POLARISATION

Double refraction – Huygens’s explanation of double refraction in uni axial crystals – Nicol Prism – Nicol Prism as polarizer  and analyzer – Polaroids and their uses – Quarter wave plates and Half wave plates.  Plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light – Production and detection – Optical activity– Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity – Specific rotatory power – determination using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.

Unit V             SPECTROSCOPY

Microwave and infrared Spectroscopy – Rotation of molecules – Rotational Spectra – The  rigid  diatomic molecules, selection rules – the intensities of spectral lines – Infrared spectroscopy (outlines only) – Raman Spectroscopy – Quantum theory of Raman effect – Classical theory of Raman effect – Molecular Polarisability – pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules – vibrational Raman spectra – Applications.

Text Books:

1. Optics and Spectroscopy –     R.Murugeshan, S. Chand and co., 6^th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
2. A text book of Optics – Subramanyam and Brijlal, S. Chand and co.., 22^nd  Edition, New Delhi 2004.
3. Elements of Spectroscopy – S.L. Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma Pragati Prakashan, 13^th Edition, Meerut, 1997

Books for Reference:

1. Optics –  Sathyaprakash, Ratan  Prakashan Mandhir, VII^th Edition,  New Delhi, 1990.
2. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy –C.N.Banewell,TMH publishing co. IV Edition,  New Delhi, 2006.
3.  Molecular structure and spectroscopy – G.Aruldhass, PHI Pvt Ltd, , II Edition, New Delhi, 2007.