Showing posts with label OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY 2021-2022. Show all posts
Showing posts with label OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY 2021-2022. Show all posts
Angular and Chromatic Dispersion
Angular Dispersion
Angular Dispersion is the angular separation between the colors at the extremities of the visible white light spectrum.
It's given by,
Here 'A' is the angle of the prism, μv and μr are the refractive indices of the medium for violet and red rays respectively.
Chromatic Dispersion
Chromatic Dispersion is the phenomenon of variation of wave propagation velocities in a medium in accordance with their wavelengths. Thus light rays of different colors travel with different speeds in a material medium.
QUESTION BANK - OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY - 7BPH3C1
OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY- 7BPH3C1
PART – A
1. Distinguish between Ramsden eyepiece and Huygens eyepiece.2. Write short note on chromatic aberration in lenses.
3. Give three methods of minimizing spherical aberration.
4. Define the dispersive power of a prism.
5. What is an achromatic doublet?
6. How chromatic aberration is minimized in the case of Huygens and Ramsden eyepieces?
7. Explain briefly about coma.
8. Explain the construction of Ramsden eyepiece with a suitable diagram.
9. Explain the construction of Huygens eyepiece with a suitable diagram.
10. Why the colors are reversed in a secondary rainbow?
11. What is an air wedge? State its uses.
12. Give the principle of Jamin interferometer.
13. State Stoke’s law.
14. Explain appearance of colors in thin films.
15. State the uses of Michelson interferometer.
16. Define resolving power. State Rayleigh criterion for resolution.
17. Define resolving power of a grating.
18. Define specific rotation or specific rotatory power.
19. What is a quarter wave plate?
20. What is a half wave plate?
21. What is the difference between unpolarized light and polarized light?
22. Write short notes on quarter wave plate.
23. Write short notes on half wave plate.
24. State and explain Malus law.
25. Write a note on FTIR.
26. Define Spectroscopy.
27. What is Anti-Stokes line?
28.Give the Application of vibrational Raman spectra.
29. What is a selection rule?
30.Expand FTIR.
2. What is an achromatic doublet? Explain in detail.
3. Explain the working of Huygens eyepiece.
4. Write note on Ramsden eyepiece.
5. Explain the construction and working of a direct vision spectroscope.
6. Give the theory of formation of primary rainbow.
7. Describe the effect of interference in reflected light from thin films.
8. Explain how colors appear in thin films due to interference.
9. Describe the experiment to find diameter of a thin wire by air wedge method.
10. Explain the principle and working of Jamin interferometer for determining the refractive index of gas.
11. Explain how Jamin interferometer is used to study the refractive index of a gas at different pressures.
12. Distinguish between Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction.
13. Show that the radii of half period zones are in the ratio of square roots of natural numbers.
14. Explain Fresnel diffraction of light at a circular aperture.
15. Explain Fraunhofer diffraction of light at a single slit.
16. Discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit.
17. Derive an expression for the resolving power of a grating.
18 .Give the Huygens explanation of double refraction in a uni-axial crystal.
19. Give the theory of half wave plate.
20. Give the theory of quarter wave plate.
21. Write note on Microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
22. Explain classical theory of Raman effect.
23. Explain vibrational Raman spectra.
24. Discuss Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules. Give its selection rule.
26. Explain Microwave and Infrared spectroscopy.
27. Explain pure rotational Raman spectrum of linear molecules.
11. What is an air wedge? State its uses.
12. Give the principle of Jamin interferometer.
13. State Stoke’s law.
14. Explain appearance of colors in thin films.
15. State the uses of Michelson interferometer.
16. Define resolving power. State Rayleigh criterion for resolution.
17. Define resolving power of a grating.
18. Define specific rotation or specific rotatory power.
19. What is a quarter wave plate?
20. What is a half wave plate?
21. What is the difference between unpolarized light and polarized light?
22. Write short notes on quarter wave plate.
23. Write short notes on half wave plate.
24. State and explain Malus law.
25. Write a note on FTIR.
26. Define Spectroscopy.
27. What is Anti-Stokes line?
28.Give the Application of vibrational Raman spectra.
29. What is a selection rule?
30.Expand FTIR.
PART – B
1. Derive the condition for minimization of spherical aberration when two thin lenses are separated by a distance.2. What is an achromatic doublet? Explain in detail.
3. Explain the working of Huygens eyepiece.
4. Write note on Ramsden eyepiece.
5. Explain the construction and working of a direct vision spectroscope.
6. Give the theory of formation of primary rainbow.
7. Describe the effect of interference in reflected light from thin films.
8. Explain how colors appear in thin films due to interference.
9. Describe the experiment to find diameter of a thin wire by air wedge method.
10. Explain the principle and working of Jamin interferometer for determining the refractive index of gas.
11. Explain how Jamin interferometer is used to study the refractive index of a gas at different pressures.
12. Distinguish between Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction.
13. Show that the radii of half period zones are in the ratio of square roots of natural numbers.
14. Explain Fresnel diffraction of light at a circular aperture.
15. Explain Fraunhofer diffraction of light at a single slit.
16. Discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern due to a single slit.
17. Derive an expression for the resolving power of a grating.
18 .Give the Huygens explanation of double refraction in a uni-axial crystal.
19. Give the theory of half wave plate.
20. Give the theory of quarter wave plate.
21. Write note on Microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
22. Explain classical theory of Raman effect.
23. Explain vibrational Raman spectra.
24. Discuss Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules. Give its selection rule.
26. Explain Microwave and Infrared spectroscopy.
27. Explain pure rotational Raman spectrum of linear molecules.
PART – C
1. Define angular dispersion and dispersive power. Derive the conditions to produce (i) dispersion without deviation and (ii) deviation without dispersion in combination of prisms.2. Derive the condition for achromatism in lenses (i) When they are in contact (ii) When they are separated by a distance ‘a’.
3. What is meant by spherical aberration in lenses? What are the ways to remove spherical aberration?
4. Explain the construction, action and working of a Ramsden eyepiece and Huygens eye piece with neat diagrams. Indicate in a diagram the position of cardinal points for these two eyepieces. How are the chromatic and spherical aberration minimized in these eyepieces?
5. Explain the formation of primary and secondary rainbows with suitable theory and neat diagrams.
6. Describe with necessary theory the Newton’s ring experiment for the determination of refractive index of a liquid.
6. Explain the working of Michelson interferometer. How the wavelength of monochromatic light can be measured?
8. Derive the expression for the radius of mth ring formed in Newton’s ring experiment and hence determine the refractive index of a liquid.
9. Describe Michelson interferometer and explain the formation of fringes in it.
10. Give the theory of plane transmission grating. Describe an experiment to determine the wavelength of sodium light.
11. Define specific rotation and explain Fresnel theory of optical rotation.
12. Describe Laurent’s half shade polarimeter and explain how specific rotary power is determined.
13. Explain the production and the analysis of circularly and elliptically polarized light.
14. Explain how elliptically and circularly polarized light can be produced and analyzed.
15. Explain the production and detection of plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light.
16. Give the theory of production of circularly and elliptically polarized light.
17. Explain Quantum theory of Raman effect.
6. Describe with necessary theory the Newton’s ring experiment for the determination of refractive index of a liquid.
6. Explain the working of Michelson interferometer. How the wavelength of monochromatic light can be measured?
8. Derive the expression for the radius of mth ring formed in Newton’s ring experiment and hence determine the refractive index of a liquid.
9. Describe Michelson interferometer and explain the formation of fringes in it.
10. Give the theory of plane transmission grating. Describe an experiment to determine the wavelength of sodium light.
11. Define specific rotation and explain Fresnel theory of optical rotation.
12. Describe Laurent’s half shade polarimeter and explain how specific rotary power is determined.
13. Explain the production and the analysis of circularly and elliptically polarized light.
14. Explain how elliptically and circularly polarized light can be produced and analyzed.
15. Explain the production and detection of plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light.
16. Give the theory of production of circularly and elliptically polarized light.
17. Explain Quantum theory of Raman effect.
Why A Lens is Called A Lens? A Botanical Connection
The scientific name of the lentil plants whose hardened dry seeds are favorite food item through out the world, is 'Lens Culinaris'. As the shape of bi-convex lenses resembles that of these lentil seed they came to be named as 'lenses'. Quite interesting!
A Glass Morphic Syllabus For Week I - Optics And Spectroscopy
Geometrical Optics - A
Lens – Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s eyepieces.
Optics and Spectroscopy - III Semester 2021-2022 Syllabus for II Year Physics
II YEAR – III SEMESTER
COURSE CODE : 7BPH3C1
CORE COURSE VI – OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Unit I GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Lens – Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s eyepieces.
Dispersion – Angular and Chromatic dispersion – combination of prisms to produce i)dispersion without deviation ii) deviation without dispersion – Cauchy’s dispersion formula– Direct vision spectroscope – Theory of formation of rainbow.
Unit II INTERFERENCE
Conditions for interference – colours of thin films – Air wedge – theory – determination of diameter of a thin wire by Air wedge – test for optical flatness – Newton’s rings – Determination of refractive index of a liquid.
Michelson’s Interferometer – theory and its Application (Measurement of wavelength and difference between wavelength of two close lines, thickness of mica sheet) – Jamin’s interferometer – determination of refractive index of gases
Unit III DIFFRACTION
Fresnel’s diffraction –Rectilinear propagation of light – zone plate –diffraction at circular aperture – opaque circular disc – Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit – Double slit – Plane diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine wavelength – overlapping of spectral lines.
Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution – resolving power – resolving power of grating – resolving power of a prism
Unit IV POLARIZATION
Double refraction – Huygens’s explanation of double refraction in uni axial crystals – Nicol Prism – Nicol Prism as polarizer and analyzer – Polaroids and their uses – Quarter wave plates and Half wave plates. Plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light – Production and detection
Optical activity– Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity – Specific rotatory power – determination using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter
Unit V SPECTROSCOPY
Microwave and infrared Spectroscopy – Rotation of molecules – Rotational Spectra – The rigid diatomic molecules, selection rules – the intensities of spectral lines – Infrared spectroscopy (outlines only)
Raman Spectroscopy – Quantum theory of Raman effect – Classical theory of Raman effect – Molecular Polarisability – pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules – vibrational Raman spectra – Applications.
Text Books:
- Optics and Spectroscopy – R.Murugeshan, S. Chand and co., 6th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
- A text book of Optics – Subramanyam and Brijlal, S. Chand and co., 22nd Edition, New Delhi 2004.
- Elements of Spectroscopy – S.L. Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma Pragati Prakashan, 13th Edition, Meerut, 1997
Books for Reference:
- Optics – Sathyaprakash, Ratan Prakashan Mandhir, VIIth Edition, New Delhi, 1990.
- Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy –C.N.Banewell,TMH publishing co. IV Edition, New Delhi, 2006.
- Molecular structure and spectroscopy – G.Aruldhass, PHI Pvt Ltd, , II Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
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