II YEAR – III
SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: 7BPH3C1
CORE COURSE VI – OPTICS
AND SPECTROSCOPY
Unit I GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Lens – Spherical
aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic
aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out
of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s
eyepieces. Dispersion – Angular and
Chromatic dispersion – combination of prisms to produce i)dispersion without
deviation ii) deviation without dispersion – Cauchy’s dispersion formula–
Direct vision spectroscope – Theory of formation of rainbow.
Unit II INTERFERENCE
Conditions for
interference – colours of thin films – Air wedge – theory – determination of
diameter of a thin wire by Air wedge – test for optical flatness – Newton’s
rings – Determination of refractive index of a liquid. Michelson’s Interferometer – theory and its
Application (Measurement of wavelength and difference between wavelength of two
close lines, thickness of mica sheet) – Jamin’s interferometers – determination
of refractive index of gases
Unit III DIFFRACTION
Fresnel’s diffraction –Rectilinear propagation of light
– zone plate –diffraction at circular aperture – opaque circular disc –
Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit –
Double slit – Plane diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine
wavelength – overlapping of spectral lines. Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution
– resolving power – resolving power of grating – resolving power of a prism.
Unit IV POLARISATION
Double
refraction – Huygens’s explanation of double refraction in uni axial crystals –
Nicol Prism – Nicol Prism as polarizer
and analyzer – Polaroids and their uses – Quarter wave plates and Half
wave plates. Plane, elliptically and
circularly polarized light – Production and detection – Optical activity–
Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity – Specific rotatory power –
determination using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.
Unit V SPECTROSCOPY
Microwave and infrared Spectroscopy – Rotation
of molecules – Rotational Spectra – The
rigid diatomic molecules,
selection rules – the intensities of spectral lines – Infrared spectroscopy (outlines
only) – Raman Spectroscopy – Quantum
theory of Raman effect – Classical theory of Raman effect – Molecular
Polarisability – pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules –
vibrational Raman spectra – Applications.
Text Books:
- Optics
and Spectroscopy – R.Murugeshan,
S. Chand and co., 6th Edition,
New Delhi, 2008.
- A
text book of Optics – Subramanyam and Brijlal, S. Chand and co.., 22nd
Edition, New Delhi 2004.
- Elements
of Spectroscopy – S.L. Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma Pragati Prakashan, 13th
Edition, Meerut, 1997
Books for Reference:
- Optics
– Sathyaprakash, Ratan Prakashan Mandhir, VIIth Edition, New Delhi, 1990.
- Introduction
to Molecular Spectroscopy –C.N.Banewell,TMH publishing co. IV Edition, New Delhi, 2006.
- Molecular structure and spectroscopy –
G.Aruldhass, PHI Pvt Ltd, , II Edition,
New Delhi, 2007.
