தென்மாவட்ட இளைஞர்கள் IAS ,IPS படிக்க அரிய வாய்ப்பு !
மதுரை காமராஜர் பல்கலையில் இலவச தங்குமிடம் மற்றும் பயிற்சி , மாத ஊக்க தொகை ரூ 3000 . பட்டபடிப்பு போதுமானது.
மேலதிக விபரங்கள் மற்றும் விண்ணப்பப் படிவத்தை தரவிறக்கம் செய்ய இங்கே சொடுக்கவும்,
III INTERNAL TEST - OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
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Optics and Spectroscopy - 7BPH3C1
III Internal Test
Answer Any Four 4x5 = 20
Time : 1 Hr
1. Discuss the working of polarimeter.
2. Discuss the production and analysis of circularly polarized light.
3. Explain the construction and working of Nicol prism.
4. Write note on microwave spectroscopy.
5. Differentiate between infrared active and Raman active molecules.
III INTERNAL TEST - ANALOG ELECTRONICS - 7BPH5C1- 2020
ANALOG ELECTRONICS - 7BPH5C1
III Internal Test
Answer Any Four 4x5 = 20
Time : 1 Hr
1. Discuss current and voltage gain of negative feedback amplifiers.
2. Derive Barkhausen criterion for sustained oscillations.
3. State and explain the golden rules of op-amps.
4. Explain the concept of virtual ground in op-amps.
5. Describe with diagram an op-amp adder circuit.
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II INTERNAL TEST - OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Optics and Spectroscopy - 7BPH3C1
II Internal Test
Answer Any Four 4x5 = 20
Time : 1 Hr
1. Discuss Huygens explanation of double refraction in uniaxial crystals.
2. Discuss the working of quarter wave plate
3. Discuss the the quantum theory of Raman effect.
4. Compare Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction.
5. Explain the Fresnel diffraction at a circular aperture.
II INTERNAL TEST - ANALOG ELECTRONICS - 7BPH5C1- 2020
ANALOG ELECTRONICS - 7BPH5C1
II Internal Test
Answer Any Four 4x5 = 20
Time : 1 Hr
1.Explain Feed Back Resistor Bias.
2. Describe the construction and working of JFET
3. Describe the construction and working of RC coupled amplifier. List its' advantages,disadvantages and applications.
4. Compare different type of coupling schemes between amplifier stages.
5. List and discuss performance quantities of power amplifiers
2. Describe the construction and working of JFET
3. Describe the construction and working of RC coupled amplifier. List its' advantages,disadvantages and applications.
4. Compare different type of coupling schemes between amplifier stages.
5. List and discuss performance quantities of power amplifiers
3D Rainbow View - Credit: Tom Walsh
Description: This is a simulation of the processes involved in the formation of a rainbow. The 3D image on the right shows the location of a rainbow as seen by an observer on the ground. The green plane represents the ground. The blue dot on the green plane represents the position of the person viewing the rainbow. Change the angle of the sun above the horizontal and watch how the position of the rainbow changes.
On the right in the 2D view you can see the actual refraction and reflection that occurs in each raindrop. The white light enters the spherical raindrop, and it undergoes refraction (bending) and dispersion (different wavelengths/colors bending by slightly different amounts). Only the extreme red and violet rays are shown. On the right side of the raindrop reflection occurs. Near the bottom of the raindrop the light leaves the drop, again refracting and dispersing. The light from the red end of the spectrum comes out of the drop below the light from the violet end of the spectrum. This confuses some, as red is the color located at the top of a rainbow and violet is on the bottom. You can zoom in on the raindrops in the 3D view (by clicking the button). This view may help people understand this apparent contradiction. The drop that sends the red light to the viewer needs to be higher in the sky than the drop that sends the violet ray to the viewer (with all the other colors in between, of course).
Optics and Spectroscopy - III Semester 2021-2022 Syllabus for II Year Physics
II YEAR – III SEMESTER
COURSE CODE : 7BPH3C1
CORE COURSE VI – OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Unit I GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Lens – Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s eyepieces.
Dispersion – Angular and Chromatic dispersion – combination of prisms to produce i)dispersion without deviation ii) deviation without dispersion – Cauchy’s dispersion formula– Direct vision spectroscope – Theory of formation of rainbow.
Unit II INTERFERENCE
Conditions for interference – colours of thin films – Air wedge – theory – determination of diameter of a thin wire by Air wedge – test for optical flatness – Newton’s rings – Determination of refractive index of a liquid.
Michelson’s Interferometer – theory and its Application (Measurement of wavelength and difference between wavelength of two close lines, thickness of mica sheet) – Jamin’s interferometer – determination of refractive index of gases
Unit III DIFFRACTION
Fresnel’s diffraction –Rectilinear propagation of light – zone plate –diffraction at circular aperture – opaque circular disc – Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit – Double slit – Plane diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine wavelength – overlapping of spectral lines.
Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution – resolving power – resolving power of grating – resolving power of a prism
Unit IV POLARIZATION
Double refraction – Huygens’s explanation of double refraction in uni axial crystals – Nicol Prism – Nicol Prism as polarizer and analyzer – Polaroids and their uses – Quarter wave plates and Half wave plates. Plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light – Production and detection
Optical activity– Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity – Specific rotatory power – determination using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter
Unit V SPECTROSCOPY
Microwave and infrared Spectroscopy – Rotation of molecules – Rotational Spectra – The rigid diatomic molecules, selection rules – the intensities of spectral lines – Infrared spectroscopy (outlines only)
Raman Spectroscopy – Quantum theory of Raman effect – Classical theory of Raman effect – Molecular Polarisability – pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules – vibrational Raman spectra – Applications.
Text Books:
- Optics and Spectroscopy – R.Murugeshan, S. Chand and co., 6th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
- A text book of Optics – Subramanyam and Brijlal, S. Chand and co., 22nd Edition, New Delhi 2004.
- Elements of Spectroscopy – S.L. Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma Pragati Prakashan, 13th Edition, Meerut, 1997
Books for Reference:
- Optics – Sathyaprakash, Ratan Prakashan Mandhir, VIIth Edition, New Delhi, 1990.
- Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy –C.N.Banewell,TMH publishing co. IV Edition, New Delhi, 2006.
- Molecular structure and spectroscopy – G.Aruldhass, PHI Pvt Ltd, , II Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
Differences Between Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect
Normal vs Anomalous Zeeman Effect | |
| The splitting of a spectral line of an atom into three lines in an external magnetic field is called normal Zeeman effect. | The splitting of a spectral line of an atom into four or more line in the presence of a magnetic field is called anomalous Zeeman effect. |
| This can be explained on the basis of classical physics. | This can only be understood on the basis of quantum mechanics invoking electron spin. |
| Magnetic moment is due to orbital angular momentum. | Magnetic moment is due to both orbital and nonzero spin angular momentum |
| Involves transitions between singlet states. | Involves transitions between doublet, triplet etc states |
| Calcium, copper, zinc, and cadmium are some elements that show this effect. | Sodium and chromium are two elements that show this effect. |
Characteristics or Properties of X Rays
- X rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelength ranging from 0.1 - 1 Å.
- X rays travel in straight lines.
- X rays are produced when high energy electrons are stopped by metal barriers.
- X rays are absorbed more readily by heavy elements than light elements.
- X rays affect photographic plates.
- X rays cause fluorescence.
- X rays are not affected by electric or magnetic fields.
- X ray Spectrum consists of line spectrum superimposed on a continuous spectrum.
- X rays interact with materials and cause ionization.
- X rays are diffracted by atomic or molecular arrangement in crystals.
I Internal Test - Digital Electronics - 7BPH6C2
PART - A 5 x 2 = 10
1.Problem
2.Problem
3.Problem
4.State the distributive law of Boolean algebra
5.Simplify the Boolean expression (A+A+B).(B+BC)
PART - B 2 x 5 = 10
6. Draw the symbols of AND and OR gates and give their truth tables.
7.State and Prove De' Morgan's theorems.
PART - C 2 x 10 = 20
8.Explain how NOR gate can be used as a universal building blocks.
9.With suitable diagrams explain the construction and working of half adder and full adder.
I Internal Test - Atomic and Nuclear Physics - 7BPH4C1
Part - A 5x2 = 10
1. Write any two properties of positive rays.
2. State the laws of photoelectric emission?
3. What is critical potential? What are it's two kinds?
4. State Pauli's Exclusion Principle.
5.What is anomalous Zeeman Effect
Part - B 2x5 = 10
1.Explain the action and working of Bain Bridge Mass Spectrograph.
2.Explain the Fine Structure of Sodium D - Line
Part - C 2x10 = 20
1.Obtain Einstein's Photo Electric Equation and Discuss the Millikan's Experiment to verify it.
2.Describe the Stern and Gerlach Experiment.
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