Analog Electronics - Syllabus

III YEAR – V SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 4BPH5C1

CORE COURSE IX – ANALOG ELECTRONICS

Unit I    SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES

Semiconductor diode – Crystal diode – Rectifiers – Half and full – Wave rectifiers – Bridge rectifier– Efficiency – Ripple factor – Filter circuits.

Zener diode – characteristics – Voltage regulator – Regulated power supply – Problems.

Unit II   TRANSISTORS AND TRANSISTOR BIASING

Transistor action – CB, CE & CC modes – Comparison – Amplifier in CE arrangement – Load line analysis – Cut – off and Saturation – Power rating – Application of CB amplifier.

Transistor biasing – Various methods of transistor biasing: base resistor, feedback resistor, voltage divider methods – Hybrid parameters – Determination of h parameters – Analysis of a transistor CE amplifier using h parameters.

Unit III  AMPLIFIERS – SINGLE STAGE & MULTISTAGE

Single stage amplifier – Phase reversal – DC & AC equivalent circuits – Load line analysis – Voltage gain – Classification of amplifiers – Input impedance of an amplifier.

Multistage transistor amplifier – RC, transformer, direct coupled amplifiers – Comparison of different types of amplifiers.

Unit IV  AUDIO AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS

Transistor audio power amplifier – Difference between voltage and power amplifiers – Performance quantities of power amplifiers – Classification of power amplifiers – Expression for collector efficiency – Class A amplifier – Push – Pull amplifier – Heat sink.

Feedback principle – Negative and positive feedback – Current gain with negative feedback – Emitter follower – DC analysis – Types of oscillations – Undamped oscillations – Colpitt, Hartley, Phaseshift Oscillator.

Unit V    OP AMPS

OP AMP: characteristics, OP AMP biasing – Non – inverting & Inverting amplifiers – Applications of OPAMP – adder, subtractor, differentiator, integrator – waveforms study, scale changer and sign changer – Instrumentation amplifier – Voltage level detector.

OP AMP signal generators: Phase shift, Colpitts', Hartley, Square wave and triangular wave generators.

Books for Study

1. V.K.Mehta, Principles of Electronics, S.Chand & Co Ltd.,10^th Edition 2007.

2. R.S.Sedha – Text Book of Applied Electronics, S.Chand & Co Ltd., II Edition 2004.

Books for Reference

1. B.L. Theraja – Basic Electronics – S. Chand & Co, V Edition 2009.

2. Malvino & Leach – Transistor Approximations – International Publication – 2000.

Syllabus for Optics and Spectroscopy - 2018 ODD SEM

II YEAR – III SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 7BPH3C1

CORE COURSE VI – OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY

Unit I              GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

Lens – Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s eyepieces.  Dispersion – Angular and Chromatic dispersion – combination of prisms to produce i)dispersion without deviation ii) deviation without dispersion – Cauchy’s dispersion formula– Direct vision spectroscope – Theory of formation of rainbow.

Unit II             INTERFERENCE

Conditions for interference – colours of thin films – Air wedge – theory – determination of diameter of a thin wire by Air wedge – test for optical flatness – Newton’s rings – Determination of refractive index of a liquid.  Michelson’s Interferometer – theory and its Application (Measurement of wavelength and difference between wavelength of two close lines, thickness of mica sheet) – Jamin’s interferometers – determination of refractive index of gases

Unit III           DIFFRACTION

Fresnel’s  diffraction –Rectilinear propagation of light – zone plate –diffraction at circular aperture – opaque circular disc – Fraunhofer  diffraction at single slit – Double slit – Plane diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine wavelength – overlapping of spectral lines. Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution – resolving power – resolving power of grating – resolving power of a prism.

Unit IV           POLARISATION

Double refraction – Huygens’s explanation of double refraction in uni axial crystals – Nicol Prism – Nicol Prism as polarizer  and analyzer – Polaroids and their uses – Quarter wave plates and Half wave plates.  Plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light – Production and detection – Optical activity– Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity – Specific rotatory power – determination using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter.

Unit V             SPECTROSCOPY

Microwave and infrared Spectroscopy – Rotation of molecules – Rotational Spectra – The  rigid  diatomic molecules, selection rules – the intensities of spectral lines – Infrared spectroscopy (outlines only) – Raman Spectroscopy – Quantum theory of Raman effect – Classical theory of Raman effect – Molecular Polarisability – pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules – vibrational Raman spectra – Applications.

Text Books:

1. Optics and Spectroscopy –     R.Murugeshan, S. Chand and co., 6^th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
2. A text book of Optics – Subramanyam and Brijlal, S. Chand and co.., 22^nd  Edition, New Delhi 2004.
3. Elements of Spectroscopy – S.L. Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma Pragati Prakashan, 13^th Edition, Meerut, 1997

Books for Reference:

1. Optics –  Sathyaprakash, Ratan  Prakashan Mandhir, VII^th Edition,  New Delhi, 1990.
2. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy –C.N.Banewell,TMH publishing co. IV Edition,  New Delhi, 2006.
3.  Molecular structure and spectroscopy – G.Aruldhass, PHI Pvt Ltd, , II Edition, New Delhi, 2007.