Differences Between Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect

Normal vs Anomalous Zeeman Effect

The splitting of a spectral line of an atom into three lines in an external magnetic field is called normal Zeeman effect.The splitting of a spectral line of an atom into four or more line in the presence of a magnetic field is called anomalous Zeeman effect.
This can be  explained on the basis of classical physics.This can only be understood on the basis of quantum mechanics invoking electron spin.
Magnetic moment is due to orbital angular momentum.Magnetic moment is due to both orbital and nonzero spin angular momentum
Involves transitions between singlet states.Involves transitions between doublet,
triplet etc states
Calcium, copper, zinc, and cadmium are some elements that show this effect.Sodium and chromium are two elements that show this effect. 

Characteristics or Properties of X Rays


  1. X rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelength ranging from 0.1 - 1 Å.
  2. X rays travel in straight lines.
  3. X rays are produced when high energy electrons are stopped by metal barriers.
  4. X rays are absorbed more readily by heavy elements than light elements.
  5. X rays affect photographic plates.
  6. X rays cause fluorescence.
  7. X rays are not affected by electric or magnetic fields.
  8. X ray Spectrum consists of  line spectrum superimposed on a continuous spectrum.
  9. X rays interact with materials and cause ionization.
  10. X rays are diffracted by atomic or molecular arrangement in crystals.

Microprocessors and Memory Devices - Notes by Prof.G,Gangadharan

Click HERE to Download PPT on Memory Devices
Click HERE to Download PPT on Microprocessors

I Internal Test - Digital Electronics - 7BPH6C2

PART - A 5 x 2 = 10
1.Problem
2.Problem
3.Problem
4.State the distributive law of Boolean algebra
5.Simplify the Boolean expression (A+A+B).(B+BC)

PART - B 2 x 5 = 10
6. Draw the symbols of  AND and OR gates and give their truth tables.
7.State and Prove De' Morgan's theorems.

PART - C 2 x 10 = 20
8.Explain how NOR gate can be used as a universal building blocks.
9.With suitable diagrams explain the construction and working of half adder and full adder.
                                    
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