II YEAR – IV SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: 7BPH4C1
CORE COURSE VIII – ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Unit I POSITIVE RAYS
Properties of positive rays – e/m of positive rays – Aston’s, Bain
bridge’s mass spectrograph- critical potential – experimental determination of critical potential
–Frank and Hertz experiment.
Photo electricity: Photoelectric emission – laws – Lenard’s experiment – Richardson and
Compton experiment – Einstein’s photo electric equation – experimental
verification of Einstein’s photo electric equation by Millikan’s
experiment – Photoelectric cells.
Unit II VECTOR ATOM MODEL
Various quantum numbers – L – S and j – j Couplings – Pauli’s exclusion
principle – electronic configuration of elements and periodic classification
– magnetic dipole moment of electron due to orbital and spin motion – Bohr
magneton – spatial quantization – Stern and Gerlach experiment.
Fine structure of spectral lines- Spectral terms and notation – selection rules – intensity rule and
interval rule – Fine structure of sodium D lines – Alkali spectra – fine
structure of alkali spectra – Spectrum of Helium – Zeeman effect –
Larmour’s theorem – Debye’s explanation of the normal Zeeman effect –
Anomalous Zeeman effect .
Unit III X – RAYS
Discovery – Production, Properties and absorption of X – rays – origin
& analysis of continuous and characteristic X – ray spectrum – Duane
& Hunt Law – Bragg’s law – derivation of Bragg’s law – Bragg’s X–ray
spectrometer – Mosley’s law and its importance - Compton effect – Derivation of expression for change in wavelength – its
experimental verification.
X – ray crystallography- Definition
of Crystal – Crystal lattice – unit cell –– Bravais lattice – Miller indices –
illustrations - Structure of KCl crystals.
Unit IV RADIO ACTIVITY
Natural radioactivity – Laws of disintegration – half life and mean life
period – Units of radioactivity – Transient and secular equilibrium – Radio
carbon dating – Age of earth – Alpha rays– characteristics – Geiger – Nuttal
law – α-ray spectra – Beta rays – characteristics.
Beta ray spectra – Neutrino hypothesis - Gamma rays and internal
conversion– Nuclear isomerism- artificial radioactivity- Betatron – GM
counter –– Cloud chamber
Unit V NUCLEAR REACTION
Nuclear fission – chain reaction – four factor formula – critical mass and
size – controlled chain reaction – nuclear reactor – Breeder reactor –
Transuranic elements – Nuclear fusion – thermonuclear reaction – sources of
stellar energy- Cosmic rays (outlines only).
Elementary Particles – Hadrons – leptons – Mesons – Baryons – Hyperons –
Antiparticle and antimatter.
Text Books
- Modern Physics – R.Murugeshan , S.Chand &Co; 13th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
- Modern Physics –Sehgal & Chopra; Sultan Chand and publication, 9th Edition, NewDelhi, 2013.
- Introduction to Modern Physics –H.S Mani, G K Mehta, Affiliated east – West Pvt Ltd, NewDelhi
- Nuclear Physics – D.C Tayal , Himalaya Pub.house, V Edition, Mumbai, 2008.
- Atomic & Nuclear Physics– Subramanyam & Brijal, S.Chand & Co; V Edition, New Delhi, 2003.
Books for Reference:
-
Atomic Physics– J.B Rajam, S.Chand & Co; NewDelhi 1959
- Concepts of Nuclear Physics – Bernard L Cohen, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1959
