Passion of Physics ... A Journey Through Space-Time ...: February 2022

Digital Electronics - 7BPH6C2 - Syllabus

III YEAR – VI SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 7BPH6C2

CORE COURSE XIV – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Unit I FUNDAMENTALS

Codes and Number Systems–Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems–Inter conversions–8421BCD code–Other 4 bit BCD codes–Excess 3 code–Graycode

Basic LOGIC gates – AND, OR, NOT, NAND, EX-OR functions – their truth tables. NAND & NOR as Universal gates – De Morgan's theorem – Boolean Algebra - associative law, commutative law and distributive law.

Unit II COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

Binary Arithmetic Circuits – Half Adder – Full Adder– 8421 BCD Adder – Half Subtractor – Full Subtractor.

Simplification of Boolean functions – algebraic simplification – AND-OR logic – NAND-NAND net work – OR – AND logic – NOR-NOR network – Sum of Products & Product of Sums – Karnaugh mapping of two, three, four variables – Don't care conditions

Unit III SEQUENTIAL LOGIC

Flip-Flop – R-S Flip-Flop – Clocked R-S Flip-Flop – D Flip-Flop- J-K Flip-Flop.

Registers & Counters : Registers – Shift Registers – Shift Right, Shift Left Registers – Counters – Ring counter – Asynchronous (Ripple) Counter – Mod 10 counter – up counter – down counter – Synchronous Counter – Different modulli Counters.

Unit IV D/A AND A/D CONVERTERS

Introduction – Variable resistor network – Binary ladder – D/A Converter – D/A accuracy and resolution

A/D converter : Simultaneous conversion – counter method – successive approximation – A/D accuracy and resolution.

Unit V MEMORY CIRCUITS AND MICROPROCESSORS

Programming bipolar PROMS – MOS static RAM cell – MOS dynamic RAM cell.

Microprocessors: Introduction to microprocessor - internal architecture of Intel 8085 microprocessor - Block diagram – Registers - internal Bus organization- functional details of 8085 IC pins and Control signals.

Text Books:

1. Integrated Electronics – Millman and Halkias, International Ed., McGraw Book Co., New Delhi, 1972.

2. Digital Principles and Application – Malvino and Leach, , 4th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill, VI Edn, New Delhi, 2008.

3. Fundamentals of Digital Electronics and Microprocessor– Anokh Singh and A.K. Chabra, , S.Chand and Co Ltd, II Edn., New Delhi, 2005.

Books for Reference:

1. Digital Technology Principle and Practice – Virendra Kumar, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.

2. Digital Fundamentals – Floyd and Jain, Pearson Edn. Singapore, 2006

3. Digital Circuits and Logic Design – Samuel.C.Lee, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi, 2005

Atomic and Nuclear Physics - 7BPH4C1 - Syllabus

II YEAR – IV SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 7BPH4C1

CORE COURSE VIII – ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Unit I POSITIVE RAYS

Properties of positive rays – e/m of positive rays – Aston’s, Bain bridge’s mass spectrograph- critical potential – experimental determination of critical potential –Frank and Hertz experiment.

Photo electricity: Photoelectric emission – laws – Lenard’s experiment – Richardson and Compton experiment – Einstein’s photo electric equation – experimental verification of Einstein’s photo electric equation by Millikan’s experiment – Photoelectric cells.

Unit II VECTOR ATOM MODEL

Various quantum numbers – L – S and j – j Couplings – Pauli’s exclusion principle – electronic configuration of elements and periodic classification – magnetic dipole moment of electron due to orbital and spin motion – Bohr magneton – spatial quantization – Stern and Gerlach experiment.

Fine structure of spectral lines- Spectral terms and notation – selection rules – intensity rule and interval rule – Fine structure of sodium D lines – Alkali spectra – fine structure of alkali spectra – Spectrum of Helium – Zeeman effect – Larmour’s theorem – Debye’s explanation of the normal Zeeman effect – Anomalous Zeeman effect .

Unit III X – RAYS

Discovery – Production, Properties and absorption of X – rays – origin & analysis of continuous and characteristic X – ray spectrum – Duane & Hunt Law – Bragg’s law – derivation of Bragg’s law – Bragg’s X–ray spectrometer – Mosley’s law and its importance - Compton effect – Derivation of expression for change in wavelength – its experimental verification.

X – ray crystallography- Definition of Crystal – Crystal lattice – unit cell –– Bravais lattice – Miller indices – illustrations - Structure of KCl crystals.

Unit IV RADIO ACTIVITY

Natural radioactivity – Laws of disintegration – half life and mean life period – Units of radioactivity – Transient and secular equilibrium – Radio carbon dating – Age of earth – Alpha rays– characteristics – Geiger – Nuttal law – α-ray spectra – Beta rays – characteristics.

Beta ray spectra – Neutrino hypothesis - Gamma rays and internal conversion– Nuclear isomerism- artificial radioactivity- Betatron – GM counter –– Cloud chamber

Unit V NUCLEAR REACTION

Nuclear fission – chain reaction – four factor formula – critical mass and size – controlled chain reaction – nuclear reactor – Breeder reactor – Transuranic elements – Nuclear fusion – thermonuclear reaction – sources of stellar energy- Cosmic rays (outlines only).

Elementary Particles – Hadrons – leptons – Mesons – Baryons – Hyperons – Antiparticle and antimatter.

Text Books

Modern Physics – R.Murugeshan , S.Chand &Co; 13^th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
Modern Physics –Sehgal & Chopra; Sultan Chand and publication, 9^th Edition, NewDelhi, 2013.
Introduction to Modern Physics –H.S Mani, G K Mehta, Affiliated east – West Pvt Ltd, NewDelhi
Nuclear Physics – D.C Tayal , Himalaya Pub.house, V Edition, Mumbai, 2008.
Atomic & Nuclear Physics– Subramanyam & Brijal, S.Chand & Co; V Edition, New Delhi, 2003.

Books for Reference:

Atomic Physics– J.B Rajam, S.Chand & Co; NewDelhi 1959
Concepts of Nuclear Physics – Bernard L Cohen, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1959