Analog Electronics - V Semester 2022-2023 Syllabus for III B.Sc Physics
III YEAR – V SEMESTER
COURSE CODE: 7BPH5C1
CORE COURSE IX – ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Unit I SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES
Semiconductor – p-n junction diode – rectifiers – half and full wave rectifiers – bridge rectifier – efficiency – ripple factor – R-C and π section filter circuits.
Zener diode – characteristics – voltage regulator – regulated power supply using Zener diode.
Unit II TRANSISTORS AND BIASING
Transistor action – CB, CE & CC modes – comparison – amplifier in CE arrangement – load line analysis – cut – off and saturation – Relation between α and β
Transistor biasing - base resistor bias - feedback resistor bias - voltage divider bias – JFET – construction and working - characteristic parameters.
Unit III AMPLIFIERS
Single stage amplifier – Phase reversal – DC & AC equivalent circuits – Voltage gain – Classification of amplifiers – Input impedance of an amplifier
RC, transformer, direct coupled amplifiers – Comparison of different types of amplifiers.
Unit IV OSCILLATORS
Transistor audio power amplifier – Difference between voltage and power amplifiers – Performance quantities of power amplifiers – Classification of power amplifiers – Expression for collector efficiency – Class A amplifier – Push – Pull amplifier.
Feedback principle – Negative and positive feedback – current gain and voltage gain in negative feedback amplifier – Barkhausen condition for oscillation – damped and undamped oscillations –Hartley, Colpitts and phase shift Oscillator.
Unit V OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Characteristics of an ideal op-amp – virtual ground - op-amp biasing – Non-inverting & Inverting amplifiers– Applications of op-amp – adder, subtractor, differentiator, integrator.
Op-amp signal generators: Phase shift, Hartley, Square wave and triangular wave generators.
Text Books:
1. V.K.Mehta, Principles of Electronics, S.Chand & Co Ltd.,10th Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
2. R.S.Sedha – Text Book of Applied Electronics, S.Chand & Co Ltd., II Edition, New Delhi, 2004.
3. Electronic Devices and Circuits – Salivahanan and Suresh Kumar, Mc Graw Hill Edn. New Delhi, 2012
Books for Reference:
1. B.L. Theraja – Basic Electronics – S. Chand & Co, V Edition, New Delhi, 2009.
2. Malvino & Leach – Transistor Approximations – International Publication, New Delhi, – 2000.
Optics and Spectroscopy - III Semester 2022-2023 Syllabus for II B.Sc Physics
II YEAR – III SEMESTER
COURSE CODE : 7BPH3C1
CORE COURSE VI – OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
Unit I GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Lens – Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing spherical aberration – chromatic aberration in lenses – condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) – Coma - Aplanatic lens – Eyepieces – Ramsden’s and Huygens’s eyepieces.
Dispersion – Angular and Chromatic dispersion – combination of prisms to produce i)dispersion without deviation ii) deviation without dispersion – Cauchy’s dispersion formula– Direct vision spectroscope – Theory of formation of rainbow.
Unit II INTERFERENCE
Conditions for interference – colours of thin films – Air wedge – theory – determination of diameter of a thin wire by Air wedge – test for optical flatness – Newton’s rings – Determination of refractive index of a liquid.
Michelson’s Interferometer – theory and its Application (Measurement of wavelength and difference between wavelength of two close lines, thickness of mica sheet) – Jamin’s interferometer – determination of refractive index of gases
Unit III DIFFRACTION
Fresnel’s diffraction –Rectilinear propagation of light – zone plate –diffraction at circular aperture – opaque circular disc – Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit – Double slit – Plane diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine wavelength – overlapping of spectral lines.
Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution – resolving power – resolving power of grating – resolving power of a prism
Unit IV POLARIZATION
Double refraction – Huygens’s explanation of double refraction in uni axial crystals – Nicol Prism – Nicol Prism as polarizer and analyzer – Polaroids and their uses – Quarter wave plates and Half wave plates. Plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light – Production and detection
Optical activity– Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity – Specific rotatory power – determination using Laurent’s half shade polarimeter
Unit V SPECTROSCOPY
Microwave and infrared Spectroscopy – Rotation of molecules – Rotational Spectra – The rigid diatomic molecules, selection rules – the intensities of spectral lines – Infrared spectroscopy (outlines only)
Raman Spectroscopy – Quantum theory of Raman effect – Classical theory of Raman effect – Molecular Polarisability – pure rotational Raman spectra of linear molecules – vibrational Raman spectra – Applications.
Text Books:
- Optics and Spectroscopy – R.Murugeshan, S. Chand and co., 6th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
- A text book of Optics – Subramanyam and Brijlal, S. Chand and co., 22nd Edition, New Delhi 2004.
- Elements of Spectroscopy – S.L. Gupta, V.Kumar and R.C.Sharma Pragati Prakashan, 13th Edition, Meerut, 1997
Books for Reference:
- Optics – Sathyaprakash, Ratan Prakashan Mandhir, VIIth Edition, New Delhi, 1990.
- Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy –C.N.Banewell,TMH publishing co. IV Edition, New Delhi, 2006.
- Molecular structure and spectroscopy – G.Aruldhass, PHI Pvt Ltd, , II Edition, New Delhi, 2007.
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