Question Bank - Mechanics - 23BPH3C1 - UNIT II

 

 UNIT - II
PART A - 2 MARK QUESTIONS

1.State the law of conservation of linear momentum.
2.What is the center of mass of a system?
3.Define torque.
4.What is an elastic collision? Give one example.
5.State the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
6.Explain what is meant by "system with variable mass" with an example.
7.What happens to the angular momentum in a proton scattering event with a heavy nucleus?

PART B - 5 MARK QUESTIONS

1.Describe the concept of a center of mass and explain its importance in the motion of a  system of particles.

2.Explain the law of conservation of linear momentum with an example involving internal and external forces.

3.What is angular momentum? Derive the expression for the angular momentum of a rigid body about its center of mass.

4.Write Note on Torque Due to Gravity.

PART C - 10 MARK QUESTIONS

1.Derive the Expressions for Velocities of Two Particles Elastically Colliding with Each Other Along Their Line of Sight, After Impact.

2.Describe the mechanics of proton scattering by a heavy nucleus. Explain how conservation laws apply to the process and discuss the implications for angular momentum and energy transfer.

Question Bank - Mechanics - 23BPH3C1 - UNIT I

 UNIT - I
PART A - 2 MARK QUESTIONS

1. State Newton's First Law of Motion.
2. What is frictional force?
3. Define gravitational potential.

4. State Newton's Law of Gravitation.
4. What is the escape velocity from the Earth's surface?
5. State Kepler's First Law and its significance in planetary motion.

6. State Kepler's Second Law.

8. State Kepler's Third Law.
9. What is the Principle of Equivalence?
10. Explain gravitational redshift.

PART B - 5 MARK QUESTIONS

1.Discuss the types of everyday forces in physics with examples.

2. Derive the equations of motion for a particle moving under a uniform gravitational field.

3. Derive the equations of motion for a particle moving under a uniform gravitational field.

4.Describe the concept of escape velocity and derive the formula for escape velocity from the Earth.

5.State and explain Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.

6.Explain the Earth-Moon system and discuss its influence on tides and orbital motion.

7.Describe the gravitational potential energy of a satellite in orbit.

8. Describe Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation

9.Explain the phenomenon of the perihelion shift of Mercury.

PART C - 10  MARK QUESTIONS

1. Explain Newton's laws of motion in detail. Discuss their significance and provide examples to illustrate each law.

2. Derive and explain the equation for the gravitational potential.

3.Explain the determination of the universal gravitational constant (G) using Boys' method.

4. Discuss Kepler’s laws of planetary motion in detail. Derive Kepler’s Third Law.

5. Explain Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation with reference to the Principle of Equivalence. Discuss the experimental tests supporting the theory, including gravitational redshift and light bending.

Phenakistoscope, The Grandmother of Cinema - Celebrating International Animation Day October 28 - 2024

The Birth of Cinema - Phenakistoscope By Joseph Plateau

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Derivation of Lagrange Equations From D' Alembert's Principle

Derivation of Lagrange Equations From D' Alembert's Principle

Mechanics : Unit III : Part I - Introduction – Significance of Conservation Laws – Law of Conservation of Energy Concepts of Work - Power – Energy – Conservative Forces – Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy in Gravitational and Electric Field - Non-Conservative Forces

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY - CONCEPTS OF WORK AND POWER

Significance of Conservation Laws

In Physics, we come across various conservation laws, as mentioned above, and even though all of them may not be equally exact or accurate, they nevertheless prove helpful in many ways. Thus, for instance,

1. Without going into details of the trajectories or the forces involved in any particular case, they give us a broad and generalised picture of the significant facts that emerge in consequence of the equations of motion.

2. Even in cases where the nature of the forces involved is not clearly known, the conservation laws have been successfully invoked, particularly in the realm of what are called fundamental or elementary particles and have, indeed, helped predict the existence of quite a few more of them viz, conservation of parity.

3. They forewarn us of the impossibility of the occurrence of certain types of phenomena (like, for example, a perpetual motion machine) and thus prevent wastage of time and effort that we might otherwise feel tempted to devote in tackling such problems.

4. They seem to have an intimate relationship with the concept of invariance and we may often use them, with success, in exploring and unraveling new and hitherto not well understood phenomena. For an example, the principle of conservation of linear momentum can be obtained more or less as a direct consequence of Galilean invariance.

[From Mathur's Mechanics, Page 226-227]

INTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTUM CONSERVATION, TORQUE DUE TO INTERNAL FORCES - LECTURE NOTES

INTERNAL FORCES AND  MOMENTUM CONSERVATION,TORQUE DUE TO INTERNAL FORCES LECTURE NOTES

Here is a p5.js Simulation I've made to illustrate the point that internal forces can not change the linear or angular momentum of a body. Here a fire cracker is thrown up in the air where it explodes. The center of mass of the whole system of the cracker is shown by a blinking point in its trajectory. You can see that the trajectory of the CoM is unaffected by the explosion!. Also, please note that I have applied equal and opposite forces between random parts of the fire cracker to make it explode as shown in the code snippet below :

Also note how I have directly implemented the CoM formula in Coding :

Click Here :   Go Bang!

Types of Everyday Forces in Physics

Credit : https://earthhow.com

In our daily lives, we encounter a variety of forces that influence how objects move and interact. These forces can be divided into several categories:

Gravitational Force:

Description: This is the force of attraction between any two masses. On Earth, it pulls objects toward the center of the planet, giving them weight.

Example: The force that keeps us grounded and causes objects to fall when dropped.

Normal Force:

Description: This is the support force exerted by a surface when an object is placed on it. It acts perpendicular to the surface.

Example: The force that stops a book from falling through a table.

Frictional Force:

Description: Friction is the force that opposes the motion of objects sliding against each other. It acts parallel to the surface of contact.

Types:

Static Friction: Prevents motion when a force is applied.

Kinetic Friction: Opposes motion once an object is moving.

Example: The resistance we feel when trying to push a heavy box on the floor.

Tension Force:

Description: Tension is the pulling force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable when it is pulled tight by forces acting at each end.

Example: The force in a rope holding up a hanging object or a cable used to pull an elevator.

Air Resistance (Drag Force):

Description: This is a type of frictional force that acts against the motion of objects as they travel through air. It increases with speed and surface area.

Example: The force that slows down a parachute when it's deployed.'

Applied Force:

Description: Any force that is applied to an object by a person or another object.

Example: Pushing a shopping cart or pulling a door open.

Spring Force:

Description: The force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring on any object attached to it, described by Hooke's law (F = -kx, where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement).

Example: The force we feel when compressing a spring or a mattress.

Centripetal Force:

Description: The force that acts on an object moving in a circular path, directed toward the center of the circle. This force keeps the object moving in a curve.

Example: The force that keeps a car on a curved road or a planet in orbit.

Electromagnetic Forces:

Description: This is a fundamental force that includes both electric and magnetic forces. It can act between charged particles or magnets.

Example: The force that causes magnets to attract or repel each other, or the force between electrically charged objects.

These everyday forces are important in understanding how objects move and interact in the physical world.

PROCEDURE - VERIFICATION OF BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS USING DIGITAL CIRCUITS

PROCEDURE - VERIFICATION OF BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS USING DIGITAL CIRCUITS

Proton Scattering by Heavy Nucleus. - Lecture Notes

Proton Scattering by Heavy Nucleus. - Lecture Notes