II YEAR – IV
SEMESTER
COURSE CODE:
7BPH4C1
CORE COURSE VIII –
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Unit I POSITIVE
RAYS
Properties of
positive rays – e/m of positive rays – Aston’s, Bain Bridge’s mass spectrograph-
critical potential – experimental determination of critical potential –Frank
and Hertz experiment.
Photo
electricity: Photoelectric emission – laws – Lenard’s experiment – Richardson
and Compton experiment – Einstein’s photo electric equation – experimental
verification of Einstein’s photo electric equation by Millikan’s experiment –
Photoelectric cells.
Unit II VECTOR
ATOM MODEL
Various quantum numbers – L – S and j – j Couplings – Pauli’s
exclusion principle – electronic configuration of elements and periodic classification
– magnetic dipole moment of electron due to orbital and spin motion – Bohr
magnetron – spatial quantization – Stern and Gerlach experiment.
Fine structure of spectral lines- Spectral terms and notation
– selection rules – intensity rule and interval rule – Fine structure of sodium
D lines – Alkali spectra – fine structure of alkali spectra – Spectrum of
Helium – Zeeman effect – Larmour’s theorem – Debye’s explanation of the normal
Zeeman effect – Anomalous Zeeman effect .
Unit III X – RAYS
Discovery – Production, Properties and absorption of X – rays
– origin & analysis of continuous and characteristic X – ray spectrum –
Duane & Hunt Law – Bragg’s law – derivation of Bragg’s law – Bragg’s X–ray
spectrometer – Mosley’s law and its importance - Compton effect – Derivation of expression for
change in wavelength – its experimental verification.
X – ray crystallography- Definition of Crystal – Crystal lattice – unit cell ––
Bravai’s lattice – Miller indices – illustrations - Structure of KCl crystals.
Unit IV RADIO
ACTIVITY
Natural radioactivity – Laws of disintegration – half life
and mean life period – Units of radioactivity – Transient and secular
equilibrium – Radio carbon dating – Age of earth – Alpha rays– characteristics
– Geiger – Nuttal law – α-ray spectra – Beta rays – characteristics.
Beta ray spectra – Neutrino
hypothesis - Gamma rays and internal conversion– Nuclear isomerism- artificial
radioactivity- Betatron – GM counter –– Cloud chamber
Unit V NUCLEAR
REACTION
Nuclear fission – chain reaction – four factor formula –
critical mass and size – controlled chain reaction – nuclear reactor – Breeder
reactor – Transuranic elements – Nuclear fusion – thermonuclear reaction –
sources of stellar energy- Cosmic rays (outlines only).
Elementary Particles – Hadrons – leptons – Mesons – Baryons –
Hyperons – Antiparticle and antimatter.
Text Books:
- Modern Physics – R.Murugeshan , S.Chand &Co; 13th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
- Modern Physics –Sehgal & Chopra; Sultan Chand and publication, 9th Edition, NewDelhi, 2013.
- Introduction to Modern Physics –H.S Mani, G K Mehta, Affiliated east – West Pvt Ltd, NewDelhi
- Nuclear Physics – D.C Tayal , Himalaya Pub.house, V Edition, Mumbai, 2008.
- Atomic & Nuclear Physics– Subramanyam & Brijal, S.Chand & Co; V Edition, New Delhi, 2003.
Books for Reference:
- Atomic Physics– J.B Rajam, S.Chand &
Co; NewDelhi 1959
- Concepts
of Nuclear Physics – Bernard L Cohen, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publishing
Co., New Delhi, 1959